Telecanthus

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Article initiated by:

Filipa Caiado de Sousa, MD

All contributors:

Filipa Caiado de Sousa, MD, Michael T Yen, MD, Cat Nguyen Burkat, MD FACS, Shannon S. Joseph, M.D.

Assigned editor:

Shannon S. Joseph, M.D.

Review:

Assigned status Update Pending

 by Shannon S. Joseph, M.D. on May 10, 2024.

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Contributing Editors:	add

Telecanthus

DiseasesDB

32598

ICD-10

[1]10.3

OMIM

187350

MeSH

C562941

Disease Entity

ICD-10: Q10.3: Telecanthus

Disease

Telecanthus is an uncommon palpebral anomaly condition defined as an increased distance between the medial canthi.

Etiology

Naso-orbital-ethmoidal fractures result in traumatic telecanthus with rounding of the medial canthus. Types I–III are described depending on the severity of the injury. Illustration by Christine Gralapp. © 2019 American Academy of Ophthalmology

Telecanthus is produced by an abnormal insertion or abnormally length of the medial canthal tendons. Telecanthus may occur in isolation or in association with blepharophimosis. Telecanthus is often associated with many congenital disorders such as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, Cri du Chat syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome.

Traumatic telecanthus is the result of facial injuries due to either the medial canthal tendon being lacerated or avulsed from its bony attachments around the lacrimal crest or displacement of the nasoorbital component following a nasoorbitoethmoidal fracture.

Diagnosis

Physical examination

The average interpupillary distance is 60–62 millimeters (mm), which corresponds to an intercanthal distance of approximately 30–31 mm. In telecanthus, there is an increased distance between the medial canthi of the eyes, while the inter-pupillary distance is normal. Tessier distinguished among varying severities of hypertelorism as first degree (30–34 mm interorbital distance [IOD]), second degree (35–40 mm IOD), and third degree (>40 mm IOD).

Differential diagnosis

Telecanthus should be differentiated from hypertelorism (hypertelorbitism), which is an increased distance between the bony orbits taken at the region of the dacryon (lacrimal crest) and an associated increase in interpupillary distance.

Management

Surgery

The treatment of telecanthus involves shortening and refixation of the medial canthal tendons to the anterior lacrimal crest, or insertion of a trans-nasal suture. It is well known that the treatment is difficult due to recurrence by loosening of tendon. A transnasal wiring is an effective and most frequently used method in achieving the highest fixation force.