Gonioscopic Angle Imaging

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Article initiated by:

Dr John Davis Akkara (MBBS, MS, FAEH, FMRF)

All contributors:

Anju Kuriakose, Dr John Davis Akkara (MBBS, MS, FAEH, FMRF), Ohoud A Owaidhah, MD

Assigned editor:

Ohoud A Owaidhah, MD

Review:

Assigned status Up to Date

 by Ohoud A Owaidhah, MD on September 26, 2024.

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Contributing Editors:	add

Diagnostic Intervention

Gonioscopic Angle Imaging

Overview

Smartphone Gonioscopy Photograph taken through a GM2M goniomirror and slitlamp by Dr John

Gonioscopy is a very important part of glaucoma evaluation, but is often underrated. In addition to differentiating between open and closed angle glaucoma, other clues in the angle also may help in diagnosis. Documenting the gonioscopic photographs would help in objective assessment. This article covers the latest techniques in gonioscopic imaging.

In addition to the conventional single-mirror, two-mirror, three-mirror and four-mirror gonioprisms, there is also a six-mirror Gonio Lens named Volk G-6 goniolens (Volk Optical, Inc., Mentor, OH) which helps to do a more complete angle examination without rotating the goniolens. Angle photography can be done with slitlamp cameras using a goniolens, but is difficult to get correct focus and exposure. Smartphone cameras can also be used with a slitlamp adapter to take gonioscopic photographs and videos.

(Video recorded with smartphone showing gonioscopy)

Goniopen angle imaging device from Singapore

EyeCam (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA), designed for widefield pediatric fundus imaging, can also be used for Angle Photography by addition of a 130 degree wide-field lens. A team from Singapore is working on GonioPen, a handheld angle photography device, which provides high resolution iridocorneal angle photographs. It is a small, compact device that can be used by a technician with minimal training.

The new GS-1 Gonioscope (Nidek, Aichi, Japan) released in September 2018, is a table-top, contact-based, angle photography device that takes gonioscopic photographs and stitiches them together in 360 degrees. It captures using a 16 mirror goniolens and takes images at multiple focal points so that focus can be adjusted on to different angle structures later.

Direct Smartphone Imaging of Goniscopy can be done without a slitlamp as shown by Dr Nilesh Kumar et al.

Indications

• All indications of gonioscopy are indications of gonioscopic imaging
  

  EyeCam from Clarity medical Systems which can also take angle photographs in addition to fundus
  • • narrowness or closure of the anterior chamber angle as observed with Van Herick's technique
    • historical evidence of angle closure
    • history of previous attack of angle closure
    • evidence suggesting possible anterior chamber neovascularisation
    • recent or previous central or branch vein occlusion
    • evidence of neoplastic activity in the chamber
    • active or past inflammation in the chamber
    • history or evidence of trauma,
    • history or signs of penetrating ocular foreign body
    • degenerative conditions affecting the anterior segment
• Objective documentation of gonioscopic findings

Limitations

• Imaging resolution is limited based on the quality of the camera and the lighting
• Nothing currently compares to the resolution of direct visualization of gonioscopy

(Video recorded with smartphone showing gonioscopy)